Revascularização Completa Versus Tratamento da Artéria Culpada no Infarto com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro Multicêntrico / Complete Revascularization Versus Treatment of the Culprit Artery Only in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter Registry

Resumo Fundamento São restritos os dados sobre o manejo e o prognóstico dos pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) com acometimento multiarterial no Brasil, o que mostra a necessidade de investigar as estratégias de revascularização disponíveis. Objetivo Avaliar os desfechos relacionados à revascularização completa em comparação com o tratamento da artéria culpada em pacientes multiarteriais com IAMCSST. Métodos Foi realizada um estudo de coorte prospectiva em dois centros de hemodinâmica do Sul do Brasil, com seguimento de 1 ano após a intervenção índice. O desfecho primário foi composto de óbito cardiovascular, reinfarto ou angina recorrente e secundários acidente vascular encefálico, parada cardiorrespiratória não fatal, sangramento maior ou necessidade de reintervenção. A probabilidade de ocorrência de desfechos foi comparada entre os grupos através de regressão logística binária. Considerou-se como estatisticamente significativo o valor de probabilidade < 0,05. Resultados Participaram 85 pacientes, com média de idade de 62±12 anos, sendo 61 (71,8%) do sexo masculino. Cinquenta e oito (68,2%) pacientes receberam a estratégia de revascularização completa e 27 (31,8%), a de revascularização incompleta. A chance de ocorrência tanto do desfecho primário quanto do secundário foi significativamente maior entre os indivíduos tratados com revascularização incompleta quando comparados com os tratados com estratégia completa [razão de chances (OR) 5,1, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1,6-16,1 vs. OR 5,2, IC95% 1,2-22,9, respectivamente], assim como os óbitos cardiovasculares (OR 6,4, IC95% 1,2-35,3). Conclusão Dados deste registro regional, de dois centros do Sul do Brasil, demonstram que a estratégia de revascularização completa esteve associada à redução significativa dos desfechos primário e secundário no seguimento de 1 ano quando comparada à estratégia de revascularização incompleta. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):229-237)

Abstract Background Data on the management and prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease are limited in Brazil, showing that the available revascularization strategies should be investigated Objective To assess the outcomes of complete revascularization versus treatment of the culprit artery only in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at two medical centers in southern Brazil with a 1-year follow-up after the index procedure. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, or recurrent angina, while the secondary outcome was stroke, nonfatal cardiac arrest, major bleeding, or need for reintervention. The probability of outcomes occurring was compared between the groups using binary logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eighty-five patients were included. Their mean age was 62±12 years, and 61 (71.8%) were male. Fifty-eight (68.2%) were treated with complete revascularization and 27 (31.8%) with incomplete revascularization. The chance of both the primary and secondary outcomes occurring was significantly greater among patients treated with incomplete revascularization when compared to those treated with complete revascularization (odds ratio [OR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-16.1 vs. OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.9, respectively), as well as cardiac death (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.2-35.3). Conclusion Registry data from two centers in southern Brazil demonstrate that the complete revascularization strategy is associated with a significant reduction in primary and secondary outcomes in a 1-year follow-up when compared to the incomplete revascularization strategy (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):229-237)

Gender-related differences on short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI over a long-term follow-up period.BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been considered the standard therapy for patients with inoperable or high-risk symptomatic aortic stenosis. The influence of gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI is currently on debate.METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2015, 819 patients (49% men) underwent TAVI and were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Patients were followed-up and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 497 ± 478 days. Compared with women, men had a lower rate of major or life-threatening bleeding (12.0% vs. 20.6%; HR = 0.57 [95CI% 0.40-0.81]; P = 0.001), and major vascular complications (6% vs. 11.7%; HR = 0.50 [95CI% 0.31-0.82]; P = 0.004). At 30 days, all-cause mortality was lower in men than in women (6.5% vs. 11.5%; P = 0.013), however, cumulative all-cause mortality was similar between groups (25.9% vs. 29.7%, men and women, respectively, HR = 0.92 [95CI% 0.71-1.19]; P = 0.52) over the entire follow-up period. By adjusted Cox regression model, renal function, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remained independently predictors of all-cause mortality...

Endovascular stent-graft treatment of penetrating aortic ulcer.

Penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer is an underdiagnosed condition that presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of patients with severe chest pain, with no ischemic features, who underwent chest angiotomography and showed an ulceration of the aortic wall, with contrast penetration into the middle layer. Due to the failure of the medical treatment, the patients underwent percutaneous aortic stent implantation with complete resolution of symptoms.

Implante de endoprótese para tratamento de úlcera penetrante de aorta / Endovascular stent-graft treatment of penetrating aortic ulcer / Implante de endoprótesis para tratamiento de úlcera penetrante de aorta

A úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante de aorta é uma patologia subdiagnosticada que apresenta altas taxas de morbimortalidade. Relatamos dois casos de pacientes com dor torácica intensa sem características isquêmicas que foram submetidos a angiotomografia de tórax e apresentaram ulceração na parede da aorta com penetração de contraste na camada média. Em razão da falha no tratamento clínico, foram submetidos a implante percutâneo de endoprótese aórtica com resolução completa dos sintomas.

Penet rat ing aor t ic atherosclerot ic ulcer i s an underdiagnosed condition that presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of patients with severe chest pain, with no ischemic features, who underwent chest angiotomography and showed an ulceration of the aortic wall, with contrast penetration into the middle layer. Due to the failure of the medical treatment, the patients underwent percutaneous aortic stent implantation with complete resolution of symptoms.

La úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante de aorta es una patología subdiagnosticada que presenta altas tasas de morbimortalidad. Referimos dos casos de pacientes con dolor torácico intenso sin características isquémicas que se sometieron a una angiotomografía de tórax y presentaron ulceración en la pared de la aorta con penetración de contraste en la capa media. En razón de la falta en el tratamiento clínico, se sometieron a implantación percutánea de endoprótesis aórtica con resolución completa de los síntomas.

Indicações e resultados das intervenções percutâneas em artérias carótidas / Indication and results of percutaneous interventions in carotid arteries

Neste artigo os autores discutem a importância epidemiológica da doença oclusiva das carótidas, destacando a apresentação clínica e os principais métodos para o seu diagnóstico, invasivos ou não. Além disso, discutem os principais estudos disponíveis na literatura comparando os resultados da endarterectomia carotídea aos das intervenções percutâneas.

In this article, the authors discuss the epidemiological importance of carotid o cclusivedisease, highlighting the clinical presentation and the main methods for its diagnosis, both invasive and non-invasive. Additionally, the authors discuss the chief studies available in the literature, comparing the results of carotid endarterectomy to percutaneous interventions.

Endoprosthesis implantation at the entry pathway of the right atrium monitored by intracardiac ultrasound.

Obstructions of the upper venous system may be due to spontaneous thrombosis or the presence of hemodialysis or chemotherapy catheters, or even the presence of extrinsic compression due to intra-thoracic tumors. The use of endoprosthesis for the treatment of these obstructions has become common practice, and its indications include situations of risk for pulmonary embolism, superior vena cava syndrome, and loss of vascular access. Within this context, the use of intracardiac ultrasound may be useful in evaluating the extension and severity of the obstructive lesion, besides providing important information about the mural and intraluminal morphology of the venous system. The authors report the case of a patient with superior vena cava syndrome caused by thrombosis at the entry pathway of the right atrium, besides discussing the subject by means of literature review.

Implante de endoprótese na via de entrada do átrio direito monitorado por ultra-som intracardíaco / Endoprosthesis implantation at the entry pathway of the right atrium monitored by intracardiac ultrasound

As obstruções do sistema venoso superior podem ocorrer por trombose espontânea ou na presença de cateteres de hemodiálise ou quimioterapia, e mesmo na presença de compressão extrínseca por tumores intratorácicos. O uso de endopróteses para o tratamento dessas obstruções vem se tornando prática comum e sua indicação inclui situações de risco de embolia pulmonar, síndrome da veia cava superior e perda do acesso vascular. Nesse contexto, o uso do ultra-som intracardíaco pode ser útil na avaliação da extensão e da gravidade da obstrução, além de fornecer informações morfológicas murais e intramurais do sistema venoso. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com síndrome da veia cava superior por trombose da via de entrada do átrio direito, submetida a implante de endoprótese monitorado por ultra-som intracardíaco, além de discutir o tema por meio de revisão da literatura.

Obstructions of the upper venous system may be due to spontaneous thrombosis or the presence of hemodialysis or chemotherapy catheters, or even the presence of extrinsic compression due to intra-thoracic tumors. The use of endoprosthesis for the treatment of these obstructions has become common practice, and its indications include situations of risk for pulmonary embolism, superior vena cava syndrome, and loss of vascular access. Within this context, the use of intracardiac ultrasound may be useful in evaluating the extension and severity of the obstructive lesion, besides providing important information about the mural and intraluminal morphology of the venous system. The authors report the case of a patient with superior vena cava syndrome caused by thrombosis at the entry pathway of the right atrium, besides discussing the subject by means of literature review.

Tratamento percutâneo multivaso da Arterite de Takayasu / Multivessel percutaneous treatment of Takayasu Arteritis

Reportamos o caso de uma paciente com lesões obstrutivas nas artérias carótidas direita e esquerda, renal direita, subclávia esquerda, e ilíaca comum esquerda, tratadas percutaneamente.

We report the case of a female patient with obstructive lesions in the right and left carotid, right renal, left subclavian and left common iliac arteries which were percutaneously treated.

Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in 1,656 patients who have undergone cardiac catheterization.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients who have undergone cineangiocoronariography. METHODS: Prospective study of cineangiocoronariography and aortography examinations conducted between January 2002 and February 2004 on 1,656 hypertensive and normotensive patients who underwent the examinations to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease or valve disease. RESULTS: The average age of the 1,656 patients was 61.6 +/- 11.8 years. Eight hundred and ninety-one (53.8%) were male, 169 (10.2%) were diabetic and 1,054 (63.8%) presented obstructive coronary artery disease. Renal stenosis greater than 50% was observed in 228 (13.8%) patients, and 25 (1.5%) had bilateral stenosis. Obstructive coronary artery disease was defined as stenosis greater than or equal to 50% of the vessel lumen, in one, two or three main arteries, classified as single, double or triple vessels, respectively. Quantification was conducted using visual analysis of the angiography. Comparison of the groups with and without renal artery obstruction > or = 50%, revealed significant statistical differences in relation to gender, age, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure and left ventricular function. However, no statistical difference was noted in relation to the occurrence of coronary artery obstructions > or = 50%. Nevertheless, renal artery obstructions > or = 70%, revealed significant differences in relation to blood pressure, coronary artery obstructions > or = 50% and left ventricular function, which were all higher in the renal artery obstruction group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RAS found in our study was comparable to that reported by major medical literature case studies. RAS is associated with systemic hypertension (SH), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its sequelae, emphasizing how important it is that we are aware of possible candidates for angiographic diagnosis of this disease.

Prevalência de estenose das artérias renais em 1.656 pacientes que realizaram cateterismo cardíaco / Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in 1.656 patients who have undergone cardiac catheterization

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de estenose da artéria renal (EAR) em pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, considerando 1.656 cinean-giocoronariografias seguidas de aortografia, entre janeiro/2002 e fevereiro/2004, de pacientes encaminhados à cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica com história ou não de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). RESULTADOS: Dos 1.656 pacientes, a idade média foi de 61,6 ± 11,8 anos, 53,8 por cento eram do sexo masculino, 10,2 por cento eram diabéticos, 63,8 por cento apresentavam coronariopatia obstrutiva. A presença de EAR maior que 50 por cento foi observada em 228 (13,8 por cento) pacientes, e em 25 (1,5 por cento) destes, ocorreu bilateralmente. A coronariopatia obstrutiva foi definida como estenose que causa redução do lúmen do vaso em 50 por cento ou mais, em um, dois ou três vasos principais, denominados uniarterial, biarterial ou triarterial, respectivamente.A quantificação era realizada através da análise visual da angiografia. Comparando os grupos com e sem EAR > 50 por cento, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto a gênero, idade, ocorrência de diabete melito, PA e função ventricular esquerda. Não houve diferença significativa, no entanto, quanto à ocorrência de obstrução coronariana > 50 por cento. Quando, porém, a EAR considerada é > 70 por cento, observa-se diferença significativa quanto a PA, associação à obstrução coronariana > 50 por cento e à disfunção ventricular esquerda, maiores no grupo com EAR. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de EAR neste estudo foi comparável àquela das grandes casuísticas da literatura e, em razão de sua importância pela associação com HAS e doença renal terminal (DRT) e suas seqüelas, devemos estar atentos para seu diagnóstico angiográfico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients who have undergone cineangiocoronariography. METHODS: Prospective study of cineangiocoronariography and aortography examinations conducted between January 2002 and February 2004 on 1,656 hypertensive and normotensive patients who underwent the examinations to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease or valve disease. RESULTS: The average age of the 1,656 patients was 61.6 ± 11.8 years. Eight hundred and ninety-one (53.8 percent) were male, 169 (10.2 percent) were diabetic and 1,054 (63.8 percent) presented obstructive coronary artery disease. Renal stenosis greater than 50 percent was observed in 228 (13.8 percent) patients, and 25 (1.5 percent) had bilateral stenosis. Obstructive coronary artery disease was defined as stenosis greater than or equal to 50 percent of the vessel lumen, in one, two or three main arteries, classified as single, double or triple vessels, respectively. Quantification was conducted using visual analysis of the angiography. Comparison of the groups with and without renal artery obstruction > 50 percent, revealed significant statistical differences in relation to gender, age, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure and left ventricular function. However, no statistical difference was noted in relation to the occurrence of coronary artery obstructions > 50 percent. Nevertheless, renal artery obstructions > 70 percent, revealed significant differences in relation to blood pressure, coronary artery obstructions > 50 percent and left ventricular function, which were all higher in the renal artery obstruction group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RAS found in our study was comparable to that reported by major medical literature case studies. RAS is associated with systemic hypertension (SH), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its sequelae, emphasizing how important it is that we are aware of possible candidates for angiographic diagnosis of this disease.

Multivessel percutaneous treatment of Takayasu arteritis.

We report the case of a female patient with obstructive lesions in the right and left carotid, right renal, left subclavian and left common iliac arteries which were percutaneously treated.

Angioplastia coronária primária no tratamento do infarto do miocárdio / Primary coronary angioplaty in acute myocardial infarctions

O infarto agudo do miocárdio tem alta prevalência e é uma das principais causas de morte na população. A angioplastia primária, por balão ou em associação com stents, é demonstrada como método preferencial para a reperfusão coronária, em centros que dispõem desta terapia, apesar das controvérisas ainda existentes. Neste estudo, foram analisados 50 casos de angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea primária realizadas consecutivamente no período de abril/99 a agosto/00 no LHCI. O sucesso foi de 94 por cento, as complicações observadas foram taquicardia ventricular (6 por cento), choque cardiogênico (6 por cento), fibrilação ventricular, cirurgia de revascularização de urgência, PCR revertida, penumonia aspirativa, psedo-aneurisma femoral e angina em 2 por cento. O óbito intra-hospitalar foi de 10 por cento e não houve acidente vascular cerebral. O choque cardiogênico, grave disfunção ventricular esquerda e o tempo do início da dor até o reestabelecimento do fluxo arterial foram preditores de risco para mortalidade. O período de internação hospitalar foi menor do que os outros métodos de tratamento, sendo de 4,8+-2,5 dias. A angioplastia primária é o método de escolha para o tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio